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Zanthoxylum
Common name: Nepalese pepper
Vernacular name: Timur
Botanical name: Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
Family: Rutaceae
Description
A shrub or small tree often 3m high, with strong prickles on the branches. Leaves stalked, alternate, imparipinnate, rachis narrowly winged; leaflets 2-10cm x 1.5-2.5cm, lanceolate, more or less serrate. Flowers small, polyga mous, yellow, Fruits globose, red when matured, tubercled.
Flowering period: April-May.
Fruiting period: July-November.
Parts used: Fruits.
Distribution: It grows throughout Nepal between 1100m-2500m. Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), N. India, East to China, Taiwan, Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands.
Propagation: Propagated from seeds or from branch cuttings.
Method of extraction of Zanthoxylum Oil: Zanthoxylum Oil is obtained by steam distillation of the dried fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
| Specification of Zanthoxylum |
| 1. Organoleptic Properties |
| Appearance |
Mobile liquid. |
| Color |
Golden yellow |
| Aroma |
Refreshing, pleasant, warm-spicy odor. |
| 2. Physico-chemical Properties |
| Specific gravity |
0.8150 to 0.9051 at 25°C. |
| Optical rotation |
[+] 5º to [+] 10.5º at 25º C |
| Refractive index |
1.4674 to 1.4815 at 25°C. |
| Acid number |
0.5 to 5 |
| Ester number |
35 to 65 |
| Ester number after acetylation |
110 to 150 |
| Solubility |
Soluble in 0.8 to 1.5 volumes of 90% alcohol. |
3. Chemical constituent
Lemonene, linalool and methyl cinnamate as major components and l-pinen, l-thujene, β-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, terpenin-4-ol, piperitone, carvone, cuminaldehyde, methyl cinnamate as other constituents. |
4. Uses:
- In fragrance and flavoring.
- Aromatherapy: Anti-infectious, sedative, arthritis.
- Being rich in linalool, and also containing limonene, methyl cinnamate and cineole, it is used in the fragrance and flavor industry
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